Color Charges Curve Space

Gravity is a real force

Introduction

The Einstein field equation or Einstein equation is a dynamical equation which describes how matter and energy change the geometry of space-time, this curved geometry being interpreted as the gravitational field of the matter source. The motion of objects (with a mass much smaller than the matter source) in this gravitational field is described very accurately by the geodesic equation.

Path of light is curvature in a gravitational field and in an accelerating frame

The acceleration of gravity = g = -a = intensity of gravity field.

This theory, referred to as the General Theory of Relativity, proposed that matter causes space to curve.

Bending of star light

The first experiment to gain public acclaim was the bending of light from distant stars by the sun. Even Newton himself suggested that light may have mass and be bent by a gravitational field, so that light from a distant star would be turned slightly from its straight line path as it passed the sun.

As luck would have it an eclipse did happen on May 29 1919. Two expeditions were sent by the Royal Society and the Royal Astronomical Society to two different places on the line of totality to minimize the risk due to bad weather. Dr. A. C. D. Crommelin and Mr. C. Davidson went to Sobral in northern Brazil, and Prof. A. S. Eddington and Mr. E. T. Cottingham went to the island of Principe in the Gulf of Guinea, West Africa. Test plates were taken to check that none of the instruments had deformed during their travels and the Sobral team stayed in Brazil for a further two months to photograph the Hyades with the same apparatus without the presence of the sun.

The mathematics of general relativity
Due to the expectation that space-time is curved; a type of non-Euclidean geometry is called Riemannian geometry must be used. In essence, space-time does not adhere to the "common sense" rules of Euclidean geometry, but instead objects that were initially traveling in parallel paths through space-time (meaning that their velocities do not differ to first order in their separation) come to travel in a non-parallel fashion. This effect is called geodesic deviation, and it is used in general relativity as an alternative to gravity.

The mathematics of general relativity
Due to the expectation that space-time is curved; a type of non-Euclidean geometry is called Riemannian geometry must be used. In essence, space-time does not adhere to the "common sense" rules of Euclidean geometry, but instead objects that were initially traveling in parallel paths through space-time (meaning that their velocities do not differ to first order in their separation) come to travel in a non-parallel fashion. This effect is called geodesic deviation, and it is used in general relativity as an alternative to gravity.

Einstein Field equations EFE

Einstein's field equation (EFE) is usually written in the form:



Where

Rμν is the Ricci curvature tensor
R is the Ricci scalar (the tensor contraction of the Ricci tensor)
gμν is a (symmetric 4 x 4) metric tensor
Λ is the Cosmological constant
G is the Gravitational constant
c is the speed of light in free space
Tμν is the energy-momentum stress tensor of matter
The EFE equation is a tensor equation relating a set of symmetric 4 x 4 tensors. It is written here in terms of components. Each tensor has 10 independent components. Given the freedom of choice of the four space-time coordinates, the independent equations reduce to 6 in number.

The EFE is understood to be an equation for the metric tensor gμν (given a specified distribution of matter and energy in the form of a stress-energy tensor). Despite the simple appearance of the equation it is, in fact, quite complicated. This is because both the Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar depend on the metric in a complicated nonlinear manner.

Where

Rμν is the Ricci curvature tensor
R is the Ricci scalar (the tensor contraction of the Ricci tensor)
gμν is a (symmetric 4 x 4) metric tensor
Λ is the Cosmological constant
G is the Gravitational constant
c is the speed of light in free space
Tμν is the energy-momentum stress tensor of matter
The EFE equation is a tensor equation relating a set of symmetric 4 x 4 tensors. It is written here in terms of components. Each tensor has 10 independent components. Given the freedom of choice of the four space-time coordinates, the independent equations reduce to 6 in number.

The EFE is understood to be an equation for the metric tensor gμν (given a specified distribution of matter and energy in the form of a stress-energy tensor). Despite the simple appearance of the equation it is, in fact, quite complicated. This is because both the Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar depend on the metric in a complicated nonlinear manner.

The same potential surfaces;

Suppose there is a field in a chosen space with a property. For example; there is a heater in the room. It makes a thermo field. All point with the same temperature makes a same thermo field surface in the room.

Also, in a gravitational field, all points with the same gravity potential make a same gravity potential surface in space.

Suppose body with mass M is a sphere body. According the;

g=GM/r^2

Every point on the red sphere (that shows by circle in picture) has the same potential, other points with the same color makes other same potential gravity. When a photon falls in gravitational field goes of gravity potential to other gravity potential. So, energy (and frequency) of photon depends to gravity potential in its path.

As explained in foregone sections, when photon falls in gravitational field, color-charges enter into its structure, and photon shifts to blue. And when photon escapes of gravitational field, color-charges leave photon?s structure, and photon shifts to red (see above picture).

Now lets see how we can explain curve of space according CPH Theory.

Curvature of space and CPH Theory

Suppose a photon is moving in space without gravity effect. It is traveling on linear path.

Although there is not any space without gravity effect, but there are many spaces with inconsiderable gravity effect. Now this light ray enters to gravitational field. Photon has mass because it behaves like a mass in gravitational field. Photon has energy and momentum as;



Without gravity effect all of above amounts do not change. But in gravitational field they do change. They depend to intensity of gravitational field and do change of a potential gravity surface to another.

According CPH Theory gravity field is formed of color-charges. Those color-charges inter and exit of photon?s structure. Also, color-charge has momentum and kinetic energy, and when color-charge enters into photon structure the momentum and energy of photon increases, that is explainable by De Broglie wavelength. Also, changing of photon momentum depends to force that applied on it. So, according the momentum and direction of color-charge we can find the direction of photon path.

Interaction photon and color-charge

Look at interaction between a photon and a color-charge. Attend to their directions following picture).



After color-charge enters to structure of photon, a new photon with new energy and momentum appears that is moving on new direction. Do consider that in during interaction all conservation laws keep. According this looking we are able explain why and how the path of light is curvature in gravitational field.

Now we can reconsider to path of photon in two dimensions on x and y axis. Suppose a particle is moving in plane.

After color-charge enters to structure of photon, a new photon with new energy and momentum appears that is moving on new direction. Do consider that in during interaction all conservation laws keep. According this looking we are able explain why and how the path of light is curvature in gravitational field.

Now we can reconsider to path of photon in two dimensions on x and y axis. Suppose a particle is moving in plane.


Space is quantized

What is space really?

How can answer it without any effect of matter in space?

Path of photon is continuously, but energy is quantized. Space without energy is not a real conception.

In theoretical physics we are studying objects/particles behavior an interaction between them. And space is full of them. Any conception of space depends to our thinking about matter. Matter is quantized. So, real space is quantized too.

Light equations in gravitational field

Do consider to photon interacts with color-charge in gravitational field. Color-charges with their momentums enter into photon structure, and the photon momentum changes



Light equations in gravitational field

Do consider to photon interacts with color-charge in gravitational field. Color-charges with their momentums enter into photon structure, and the photon momentum changes



According above picture and momentum changing we can write relations.

Suppose a photon with mass and momentum P1, m1 interacts with n color-charges with mass and momentum of pi, m, and their mass are same and momentum is not same.



As above relations show, photon momentum do change on two x y axis.

Interaction between photon and color charges causes that the path of photon converts of linear to curvature. Changing momentum on x axis is considerable to understand much important conception about great bodies.

If we have intensity of gravity or do suppose for bodies, and with comparing with earth or sun, many universal phenomenon are predictable.

So, attention to intensity of gravity and relative it to density of color-charge is helpful.

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