How?, Mutations

[E=IXR]

I asked this ion the general science forum, then found this forum so I reposted my question here.

I was hoping for some sort of explaination.

When I consider all the places that a mutation can occur in the DNA (3.2 billion base pairs in humans)

And when I consider how many beneficial mutations are need to add up over the future generations to form a new body part (major morphological change)

I wonder how it is possible?

It seems as if these mutations would have to occur in a precise location. I am told that these mutations are random, so how does an animal with several billions base pairs over come the odds against repeated mutations occuring to the point that the last mutation is added to over and over again in future generations?

E=IXR

[J. Wensveen]

Research has shown that an adult human being has around 15 genetic differences in his DNA that do not come from either its biological fathers gene matrix or its biological mothers genematrix.

Usually these changes do not influence the development from Zygote to Adult human. At least, it does not for the surviving humans. The amount of miscarriages among humans is a lot bigger then people belief. But the Human body rejects all those Zygotes that do not fit. So if your menstruation cycle is 2 weeks late again, it is very likely you had a miscarriage because the genetic markup interfered with the growth of the Zygote.

Hair color, eye color, size etc. are all mutations. But unless Nature requires Women to have Red hair, Green eyes and C-cup breasts for survival, this genetic mutated trait will just be one among many in the population.

Research is currently being done to a certain genetic mutation that proved to be a survival trait. There is a village in England that was hit by the black plague. A small group of those village people had a dominant gene mutation that made them immune to the plague virus. They were the only survivors of the quarantined village. Nowadays researchers are searching the lineage of these people and similar survivors and they discovered that the people that have inherited this gene as dominant have a different cell wall structure, and different in such a way that the HIV virus can not penetrate these cell walls.