The nature of "electricity" & "magnetism", are bubbles the answer?

Hi All,

I started to ask this "elsewhere"... I still think this is a good question...

The deformation of "Uberspace" in higher dimensions must result in this "unbalanced" property we see as electric charge. There is that scalar and vector potential that is responsible for the Aharanov-Bohm Effect. This seems to be the proto-property that electromagnetism is "seeping out of". It is though a "neutral" property is "displaced" and their centers are no longer coincident and what you get is this "stress" in the "ether". Please do not take that word literally. There could be some zero point energy pervading all space and all dimensions. Maybe this is an imbalance between dimensions when you place them under stress. You can create matter and anti-matter from just this kind of energy.

For instance an electron positron pair from two very energetic photons with the right geometry. Before you have that matter and anti-matter there must be some "proto-stuff" from which energy is able to work on to raise that dynamic charge. It is indeed similar to plucking a string.... isn't it? It is possible that something can be moved between dimensions and then this tension is there to "push it back" from where it has come from. If you push hard enough you "create" stuff from just energy. For instance the bending of these dimensions usually produces nothing other than an "elastic" recoil (EM waves but not spawned from the source - evanescent). If the process is intense enough such as if the energy density compared with the wavelength of this "disturbance" exceeds h times the frequency (E=hf) then a particle (a photon) will form. More energy, higher density it spawns particles and antiparticles. The constant "h" is an impulse and the photon is a multiple of that frequency (linear function). The "bubble" packet formed by this process works similar to blowing bubbles using a small loop and a soap solution. You also need someone to blow. Fast and hard for small bubbles and loops, long and slow for big bubbles and loops. The small bubbles have higher surface tensions than the big bubbles so the small bubbles could store more energy (short wavelength - high frequency).

The energy of blowing produces bubbles of a fixed size from a "loop" of fixed dimensions. Blowing needs to exceed a critical "velocity" otherwise no bubbles actually are spawned. Maybe higher dimensional space is like that loop and the energy that deforms it 'blows bubbles" in hyperspace. A minimum of energy will be necessary to blow the first bubble and all successive bubbles need the same tension to create new "quanta". Bigger loops with soap bubbles need to be inflated more to produce a big bubble. The bigger the size of the bubble... you need to "blow" for a longer period to inflate them before they finally pinch off, but the energy is actually lower. Little loops have more tension in their bubbles. There are two competing ideas... the diameter of the bubble... small bubbles have high surface tension but "something" is also stored in the volume of the surface area of the bubble... a competing concept (small bubbles store less surface and big bubbles will have larger surfaces). Is this the simultaneous "electric" and "magnetic" concept? The size of the bubble is a function of the wavelength (size) of the "bubble". If it has a near infinite wavelength it would have a very large surface area but very little curvature of the surface. Consider "two bubbles" touching each other one inflating and the other contracting... exchanging energy dynamically. Bubbles that are unable to make it to a critical size to "pinch off" as a free standing bubble just "stretch" the "membrane" back and forth endlessly without the capacity to breach the work function of the "spawning" surface (loop).

Here we have principles of a quantum, the energy density which inflates the bubble and higher dimensions. The equation E=hf is a "stiffness" factor of dimensions. The size of the photon is critically dependent on the ability of the dimensionally curved bubble to form. Too big... it will not "spawn" the bubble, too small it requires too great an energy density to blow it up. Spaces are "elastic" and it is a fixed "elastic membrane". Remember those small balloons that, as a child, you had to get your dad to blow up for you even though they were small? ... he he he! The bigger balloons you could handle. Paradoxical eh!

Back to the first question... what about the charges? Is this something to do with trans-dimensional energy bouncing back and forth? Shuffling the energy from one brane to the other? Maybe this process actually "creates" the dimensions as it goes and this is an actual creation event of space itself. After all before you create a "brane" there was none so this higher dimensional object is forced to be "inflated" from the vacuum. Something we take for granted in our Universe is the space itself. This "space" is not in 3D + T so it does not affect our space but it does affect the greater manifold. The charges could be a reflection of "stuff" in our dimensions of 3D + T being pushed into new "fresh" hyper-dimensions at right angles to our 3D + T dimensions. The "complex" or "imaginary" (i,j,k) higher spaces do not look like "distances" but like "charges" seen from 3D + T, especially before they pinch off from our Universe.

What do people think of this concept? I would like others to comment please.

Cheers

GE,


What are the differences in "bubbles" and spherical waves?


I like the analogy; 2 things come to mind.

Their would be a "tail" on the trailing edge from the "pinch off". This could add a dualistic nature to the bubble, giving the front and back different characteristics.
(incl. spin, polarity)

Do you suppose a "refraction index" could be imposed, except it would be a density or pressure parameter that would size-down the bubble? This would be equivalent to a lengthening of wavelength (in 1 dimension) from where it should be by the diameter of the wand, creating elongated bubbles with an equal amount of energy as their spherical counterparts (index=1).

???


T.Roc

Hi Troc,

I really appreciate your input. Take nothing I say hare as gospel and please put in your five cents worth. This is a very interesting point to me. In the "atomic" case a single photon could be emitted or absorbed into a system. In the case of a "radio transmitter" photons are emitted in vast quantities into the "Uberspace" of the extra six dimensions where the dimensions are more flexible. As I have said in other places the 3D + T of our prosaic Spacetime is not flexible to any great extent.

There are two logical cases... the creation of photons with zero rest mass and the pair production of particles with mass such as an electron-positron. Photons which are bosons obey Bose-Einstein statistics and can occupy the same point in space. Many can occupy that one point (billions of you like). The photons are always traveling at the speed of light if they are emitted. These are different types of branes to those created for an electron positron which could potentially have almost zero kinetic energy and do not "propagate" away after the pair creation event.

Did you catch the article on the topological photon that "simulates" an electron. Apeman had this post which really caught my attention...
Electron is close-looped photon?, Any further work in semi-classical?
Here is the actual paper...
Is the electron a photon with Toroidal Topology
Look at this reference as well...
What is gravity?, What is gravity "made of"?
Good Elf on gravity
So this discussion should be in the light of that material.

The "brane" for a single photon is not "obvious". The truncated wave train produces the "ensemble" of frequencies of the quanta. What truncates the wave train? What occupies the function of the loop? I think it has to be the speed of light and the way the "pulse" is emitted from the "antenna" source. Look into the classical notion of field lines to illustrate what is happening to the "donuts" (tori) of electric field lines. Though each individual one of these quanta have the form of a "packet" they "interpenetrate" and self interfere with themselves. These lines are the "sum" of usually millions of them propagating as a "swarm". The summation of billions of them is what you see below. Individually they are spherical but as a swarm they assume this toroidal symmetry. The magnetic fields are circular annuli "fiber bundles". Here is an animation of a cross section through a dipole radiator showing the "closed" electric field lines radiating away at the speed of light (the animation is not exactly one cycle). This image shows only the electric field. The magnetic field lines are perpendicular and loop through the system as concentric circles (usually within the one packet). With many packets crowded together they tend to join up and circulate as if they were much bigger loops that encircle the antenna. This is that effect of "lines of force" you get with iron filings in the "static" case. Notice how the packets (and the swarm) rapidly spread with distance as curved "pancakes". The spread of all is almost the spread of a single one. The thickness remains the same at 1/2 a wavelength or a wavelength for a full cycle.

These tori are being emitted at the speed of light. The charge displacement (positive and negative charge centers produce a vector of AC potential in the middle with the axis vertical. The convention you are usually used to is the magnitude of the intensity of the potential and this would be the AC wave progressing outwards with maxima and minima of electric potential coinciding with the center of these circular "spawned" loops. When the "charge centers" cross inside the antenna (field drops to zero and crosses the horizontal axis) and the field is "reversed" the loop is detached (snaps closed ) from the "antenna". A single packet is the size of a wavelength and in a short distance spreads to fill a large part of the space it is passing into. This wavefront it presents is proportional to r. The particle interaction is the result of the fact that some compatible structure must absorb it. Usually it is the "tuned cavity" of the atom and the empty "shell".

The alternative picture of the wave should be seen as a one dimensional plot of the "brane" you are "almost" seeing here. The size of the "bubble" is defined by the speed of light and the wavelength of the antenna. If the loops extend one bubble diameter in the forward direction (at the speed of light) then the packet must be truncated to form even bubbles. Bubbles will always minimize the surface area to form "perfect" spherical structures no matter what. These will always be E= hf in size .Even with soap bubbles of "odd" shape they will "assume" an initial spherical shape, these will as well. These "branes" are traveling (propagating) at the speed of light in the forward direction and "covering" a huge aerial patch transverse to the direction of propagation. Though the "thickness" (wavelength) of the "patch" gets no thinner it is continually spreading over vast areas. The shape of the photon is more like a pancake than a ball when it is far from the source. There are huge numbers of them and they interpenetrate each other without any effect owing to the Bose-Einstein Statistics they obey. This is why one photon or a billion photons will build up an interference pattern with time. I will include another link to a applet that can be moved to see the "voltage" spatially which is the same one dimensional picture you are used to. This includes the magnetic field as the field at right angles to the electric field. You need to use your imagination to think of these branes in the "Uberspace" rather than the "projection" into 3D + T you are seeing here.
3D Wave Physlet
Note that this applet allows you to look at a few configurations and to change it's orientation in 3D space using the mouse. Notice the curvature of the packet front to back and the continuous "spreading" of the packet into a "pancake". This is not just one quantum but very many of then... they all exhibit the same shape and occupy the same general volume. It is "touching all that space and reacting to it as a barrier and partially tunneling partially being absorbed. Luckily some will make it to the screen.

In the case of particle creation, the branes are a different type.... They are not always going anywhere like light and they are obeying Fermi-Dirac statistics. This is why they do not "swarm" like photons, they are not "propagating". They have that "twist" internally and they exhibit mass as a result of internal acceleration in higher dimensions (it's spin). Check out the paper above..."Is the electron a photon with Toroidal Topology["

The concept of refraction for photons could be dealt with based on the idea that the velocity of light is modified due to lumped inductances and capacitances in the space it is passing into. This would change the size of the packets and change the wavelength inside transparent media. Of course it is actually traveling in higher dimensions so really this "matter" it is passing through is a modification of the size of things. Check out a block of glass (a rectangular prism) and how the internal distances are altered by the different speed of light (that is the meaning of index of refraction). It would not be a "density" or a "pressure" that modifies the light's progress. It has the same effect as if the speed of light in your room was halved... the time light takes to cross the room is now doubled. If you view this from "outside" it looks like light has "slowed down" inside your room. Now if this is due to dielectric and magnetic effects in the space itself then this is an effective geometry change. You can deal with it as an internal doubling of the size of the space rather than a halving of the speed of light. You really will not be able to tell the difference. Light does not think it has slowed down, it deals with it as if it was "increased space".

How am I going here?

Cheers

GE,


Don't have time for full reply, but..


About the index (of a medium), I meant the differences in bubble shape cause by the same force (air) moving through a steady aperture (wand) into DIFFERENT mediums. Like index 1 = space, 3 = air, 5 = oil, etc. The entrance point would have an effect on the shape, no? Mainly this would be parallel to the direction.

Yes, I have followed those other threads you mentioned, and the toroidal form is very good. There was someone on this forum about 4 months ago (and less) very excited about "spiral energy". Several years ago, that was me! The fastest thing around MUST be perfectly symmetrical in form and its' movement.

What about the "nature of E & M"? Is there a way to derive a singular source? In which direction (or what angle) do they part from each other in a moving frame of reference? I have read, but never been able to quantify, that an EM wave takes "some time" to "couple" @ 90deg., and for the first "few" cycles, are not in phase. I want to know what is happening during this time.


T.Roc

Instead of bubbles I would the appreciate the more realistic concept gravity bounded vibration of space-time, suggested by the Aether theory (please, see my submissions for details)



Your remarks concerning the surface tension of such of that particles (which are quantum entangled into one droplet) is rather interesting, because it seems, the whole nuclear interactions (i.e. stability of atoms nuclei) can be explained in therms of minimization surface energy of it, in particular.

BTW The new spell checker here is luxurious, isn't it? Maybe it'll help to improve my terrific czenglish gradually, I hope....

Zephir,

Yes, the spell-checker is "luxurious". That was the word i was looking for.

OK, there are 2 people so far on this thread: good elf and me. Who are you telling to "read my theory"? (we both have replied to you before) I love your enthusiasm, I respect your mind; but your posts made without a more direct connection to the subject at hand are starting to seem like commercials!


But, since you are here with your cool animated box...

Imagine the box of dots in your post above, squeezed down 1 row. 7 rows now instead of 8, and the red dots that were "just touching", are now fully overlapped. They maintain their direction and spin, but the geometry of "spacetime" within them changes. In my theory (almost as common as opinions around here!), I call this a "coupled spiral" or "double toroid" (DNA style). It is vibration and direction (2 dim.) + the same, but off-phase vibration (f), and same direction. It is with this form, and energy "resonance" that EM vibrations travel at c. If they don't fully couple, you get evanescent waves, or near-field effects; plus an allowance for other types of wave-travel. (longitudinal, standing, spherical, etc.)



T.Roc

Hi TRoc and Zephir,

Well I guess the "shape" of the wand/loop would initially affect the "bubble" but the instant it was free of the bonding surface to would assume a spherical shape and minimize energy surface tension etc. These "dimensional bubbles are not really like the soap bubble analogy. They are higher dimensional objects.

I have developed a fuller description of this thought which is broader and wider than this discussion. This here is the "growing edge" and what I have said there is a more consolidated discussion.
Entanglement and reference frames

I think the photon is surprisingly large and it grows in size relative to human scale and perceptions. Of course this is an "illusion" of our frame of reference but these are compelling illusions aren't they?

For instance the photons emitted from that dipole above are about the size of the wavelength of the dipole and they immediately "spread" to subtend a constant solid angle as time increases. The shape of each one is a hemispherical pancake one wavelength thick. This is the inverse square law. These bubbles do not "burst"
While the wavelength does not increase the spread is "vast" after only a short period of travel. Energy density from our perspective appears to be falling in accordance to the inverse square law but energy is conserved within each packet. When they "interact " with matter this hemispherical "pancake" of ever dispersing and spreading energy "collapses" to the particle and will be trapped by an appropriate "cavity" or "resonant structure" through resonance/tunneling and or re-emission at a different wavelength. The cavity might also be just a chunk of wire of an appropriate length with an attached tank circuit. I stress that from it's own perspective the photon is not spreading at all... this is the result of the most extreme form of Lorenz-Fitzgerald Contraction of the surrounding countryside according to it.... where it seems to it that the Universe is "concentrating" everything "forward" as if it was a single point. We see the exact reverse... it is apparently "encompassing" more and more of the countryside as it travels.

Ignore for the moment the fact that we actually can't see a photon until it is scattered and the wave phenomenon is not actually visible for photons that have not involved themselves in interactions. It's shape relative to us individually is a "ball" which immediately deforms into a "curved" pancake of circular cross section and constant thickness. That circular cross section subtends a constant solid angular segment... forever until it hits something it cannot tunnel through. A dielectric trap.

This is inside the evanescent region of the "source" the actual "brane" to "brane" connection. In some ways this is taken care of by Wheeler-Feynman Absorber-Emitter Retarded and Advanced Field Theory (ref. in links below) and there are some interesting papers I have deliberately referenced in the other thread above. Just go there and download them from those links. Actually it is the next post to the one above the link is here...
Posts dealing with all those optical source phenomena

Obviously the source is "asserting" fields within that region that are not necessarily "causal" and are "transactions" in space-time from the point of view of our Universe. In the "brane" space they represent two different sets of boundary conditions on either side of the the two branes. Branes are "Hilbert spaces" and these have unexpected surprising reciprocal relationships. For instance "if" we could move from our "brane" space of 3D + T into a conjugate "brane" through that connection (this is matching the "load" to the "line") and thus the "particle" becomes the "wave" and an ensemble of frequencies in that reciprocal space we could "transmit" to wherever we like. We would need to satisfy a few "curly" boundary conditions for macroscopic particles (like us) to travel in brane-space (Uberspace). In there our space would still appear "flat" from our "perspective" but there would be a distortion in the manner of that described above as we "spread" through the "Universe".

Clearly we are taking an "impulse"... particle and converting it to an "ensemble of waves"... a packet via Fourier "decomposition. Actually this is not a fourier decomposition... it is a "transformation". This optical "trick" was done decades ago and the apparatus was an article in Scientific American... Amateur Scientist Construction Project. I might still be able to track this project down... about 30 years ago I think. Of course it was not couched in "Bohmian Mechanics" terms but it demonstrates this technique is "optically" possible. There are identical transforms that take images through this process using computers today but this is the way "it was meant to be". The way "God" does it without a computer. Jian Qi Shen's paper in the other reference is a "manual" that shows how to "perfectly" devise optical convolutions and transforms to shift "branes". It is just an exercise in complex analysis in three complex directions. This must "surely" be the most practical way to teleport particles through space. It will happen "one day" simply because it can happen. I would also remind you of that confirmation of the Aharanov-Bohm Effect by Akira Tonomura...

Akira Tonomura Apparatus

Akira Tonomura Home Page
The Quantum Tunneling Teleporter, The Key To Teleportation?
Here are some publications by Y. Aharanov
PUBLICATIONS ON THE INTERPRETATION OF QUANTUM MECHANICS

All these issues are part of the subject matter of the Geometric Langlands Program that Ed Witten is presently busting his gut on.
GLP Home Page
From this site there are links to free papers on the subject you can download but this stuff is really "tough". That is why we elves prefer to deal with it geometrically and using "technical means". There is a talk by Ed Witten in one of my previous posts which is a bit more "accessible" in mp3 format you can download. That tells you what he is doing. Here is is Ed Witten's Home Page where you can get some more stuff...
Ed Witten's Home Page
Ed Witten's GLP Discussion (40mb)
For reference here is where Witten's Talk came from...
Simons Workshop in Mathematics and Physics 2005: Talks

Yep ... that was me, and back into last year as well. I think everybody actually senses this is the way to proceed.

Cheers

Hi TRoc,

I have been researching a couple of interesting facts about bubbles and antibubbles. There might be a couple of "tricks" here that could be used in the investigation of "pocket Universes". Here is a source that I think is interesting, talks about ordinary bubbles but no matter.
Bubble Puzzles: Physics Today Article
There are a few equations ... one is "Laplace's Equation" for a spherical bubble and is:
σ = PR/2
where:
σ = surface tension
P = internal pressure
R = radius of bubble

The surface tension is a measure of the energy stored in the bubble. We see that it is proportional to the internal pressure P and R, the bubble radius. The surface area of the bubble is
A = 4R

Bubbles can be made to resonate and the frequency of resonance is given by this equation...

f is the frequency and R is the radius. we see the frequency of oscellation of the bubble is proportional to 1/R smaller bubbles have higher resonant frequencies.

For a de Broglie particle lets assume that the curcumference of the bubble is 2R equals n so we have...
f 1/R =2/n
constant = f which is an expression of a velocity.
Wikipedia says this of surface tension...

The surface area of a sphere is equal to...

The surface energy is σ (surface tension) times this area for any bubble.

I am not entirely sure what I can use this for but I will think of something interesting.

Cheers

GE,


On this: "QUOTE (TRoc Posted on Sep 22 2005 @ 03:06 PM)
The entrance point would have an effect on the shape, no? Mainly this would be parallel to the direction.
GE- "Well I guess the "shape" of the wand/loop would initially affect the "bubble" but the instant it was free of the bonding surface to would assume a spherical shape and minimize energy surface tension etc."

I am talking about dimensional deforming of the bubble because of changes in pressures in the medium, not changing the shape of the loop. The entrance point could be squeezed down (compared to the size of the wand loop) and horizontally flattened bubbles would form. If we are blowing air into a bubble forming in air, then they are easily made, and spherical. (=pressure) If we blow air into a bubble forming in water, or oil, the relationship between surface tension, internal pressure, and bubble radius will change. (it will settle into a sphere because of the restorative forces - adiabatic)

About this : "The surface energy is σ (surface tension) times this area for any bubble."

If this potential energy is directly tied to the area of the sphere, then aren't de Broglie waves just the radius of the same sphere? Then where is pie in the the energy equation?

Reflect on this please: 3.86e-6 / (pie X wavelength) = E (in eVolts)
I have only worked on this in optical frequencies, but it works very well to round numbers, and is a much easier method.

Also, did you have a comment or answer to for how long/ how many cycles an EM wave takes for the E field and B field to synch-up at 90 degrees?


Those were great links, I had read some already, but much was new as well. Thanks!



T.Roc

Hi TRoc,

I suppose it is easy to "gloss over " a very important point. The equation which shows the resonant frequency of a bubble is inversely proportional to R (the radius).
The Heisenberg Uncertinty Relationship is an expression of this evanescent concept

The smaller the radius the higher the frequency of "oscillation". At the same time the surface area of the bubble stores energy in the form of "tension". As a bubble gets smaller the energy stored in the surface gets smaller unless something is compensating for it. In actual fact this surface will be excited into "spherical harmonics". I will call your attention to these pictures of the excitation states of this "bubble". Please note this is not quantum physics just spherical harmonics based on Fourier decomposition. Stilll... it's very pretty!
Spherical Harmonics
Look near the bottom of this page and have a little "thinky" about this. I did and my brain hurts... he he he! This is highly "exciting" eh! I think you will find your pi in there along with the legendre polynomials and a couple of "quantum numbers" as it were. Nothing exciting but not quantum physics... or is it. These are just all "harmonics" of excitation.
.
I don't want to make too much of this yet but consider that we have E = hf. The photon's energy is proportional to frequency. This resonant object must store energy as a "frequency" too. If you "excite a bubble" assuming it is "infinitely" flexible and will not "burst" the surface area will depend on how much energy this frequency that is pumped into the bubble has. Think of the bubble surface "undulating" at the frequency of the natural vibration rate of the "cavity". This effectively increases the surface area of the bubble by deformation. . The total energy of the "bubble" is the sum of all these "modes" and I would ask you to think of other branes too. Luckily you can excite these bubbles this way and not "burst". We have seen these before but these are "nice" pictures.

In the case of a higher dimensional "bubble" being excited, all these "objects" will be projected on to a "flattened space-time" in a mere "three dimensions".

I do not think there is anything hard and fast about that. Within the eveanescent field the "synch-up" does not occur and it really does not happen until it is about a wavelength outside the "particle" before it settles down to a propagating wave packet. From those pretty pictures above and the real nature of "excited" states it is not as obvious that it is "simple". These are "radiation patterns" surrounding (on the one hand) nuclei and on the other "antennae". Of course the branes under excitation will "hybridize" into less complex forms, you can see why a Calabi-Yau Space might be something highly complex since all these modes will be simultaneously present. I still maintain that for atoms and any fermion or boson this structure exists all the time as an excited entity. The question is why does this energy not radiate away? Since this could be a dimensional object this is a dimensional trap not just a "place" in 3D space-time.

I have a question for you. I like that equation but I have missed your point.

Is this related to...
E = hf = hc/
where...

and...


back substitute for © or at least "part" of it.... the rest carried as a constant...
Help this "poor" elf out and spell it out to him. I gotta know.... please!

Here is a Hydrogen Atom "visualization" for comparison...
Superposition state of the hydrogen
(Quicktime)

Cheers

Hello GE,


Sorry it took so long.

No, we don't want to gloss over the inverse relationship, and the symmetry it provides.

In looking into the question of the "spiral" propagation of the 2 coupled, and perpendicular fields, I realized that at very high (optical photon) frequencies, the "spiral" would look like a small diameter lock-washer. The 2 ends being separated by a distance. If they were together, you would have a circle, and pi could used. Pulling them apart would NOT increase the ratio of the radius to the circumference of the circle (pi). Pulling them apart until the distance between them was equal to 2r would make the model symmetrical.

The relationship of energy moving around the spiral to its' wavelength (= to 2r) would be ~ pi. Note here a departure on my part from the norm; I am not talking here about a wave packet, or a stream, etc., I am talking about the simple case of a single photon. Because only 1 phase of the wave exists at a time, I use 2r to equal half of the phase. The other half will exist in the next frame, at 1/2 wavelength distance away. So it is a circle cut in 1/2 and separated by time, and connected at the "node" in between the phases.

Since time has already been used to define the frequency and wavelength, and a constant speed is the "proof", it does not need to stay in the model. Symmetrical distance takes its' place. (X axis) The crest to crest measurement, in 3 dimensions, is the same for side to side, front to back, and top to bottom.

Now that we have a fully symmetrical model, and we are using measurements of inverse proportions, we should be able to come up with a constant Energy value per distance (area in 3D). I am saying that wavelength is primary, and frequency secondary. I use Occam's razor to cut h out of the picture. (not entirely)

For every nanometer a wave "travels" around the spiral, that area is divided by 3.86e-6 (you should still be using 3.895e-6; why later) to describe the energy density of that area. At this point, you probably see the sphere model similarities. The same energy is produced by all vibrations, it is only the area that it is confined to that changes. Without boundary conditions, no energy exchange takes place, it just "conserves". Left alone, this vibration will assume the longest possible wavelength, spreading the energy over the entire universe. That begins to define gravity, but that is another matter.

I'm afraid I've run out of time (as usual), I'll add more later.



T.Roc

The nature of "electricity" & "magnetism"
continued


First, I was a little sloppy in description: the lock washer analogy is meant to describe the overall wave form; the 2 coupled phases ( E & M ) are going around the perimeter of the wave in double helix fashion. Any better? Just ask or blast, I'm not offended by critique.

These 2 vibrations are symmetrical. Wavelength and frequency are inverse, also symmetrical.

The logical hangup that standard physics has is this: Speed is constant, the relationship of F to W is constant, but energy changes with frequency. There should be an equivalent energy equation using wavelength. More importantly, when we take our theory"out of the box" (lab) and into the world, things get very complex very quickly. Now we have waves of CONSTANT frequency refracting or reflecting and having the wavelength and energy values change. WHAT?? Where is the parameter that allows this? If W changes, F must change; if F changes © changes - this is not allowed! What about amplitude? More A = more E; but F remains the same! I thought E = h/F pretty much covered that? Apparently not! I realise there is also an equation for energy using wavelength, but the point is, W x F must always = © in the same medium. The "amplitude" in EM is intensity, and doesn't change the energy. So which parameter changes?

The addition of Pi, and spiral propagation into the mix solves these problems. It allows the bubble to "stretch", while following the "rules" of constant F W inverse relationship, and constant velocity. This is "apparent" amplitude, but not intensity. The crest to crest measurement can stay the same, while the waves' true distance can change. I think we can agree that a wave is spiral in 3D, not just the 2D sine curve. Note that they look identical from any point parallel to direction. From ANY direction (at any angle except 90/180), you can only interact with ONE phase of the wave at a time. This explains the near-field effect of reflective polarization, because the far-field evanescent, opposite phase continues through the plane and "dies", while the SAME phase of the wave reflects and continues the process in a new direction. This does not require time reversal!

Enough for now..



T.Roc

GE,


I am following some other threads that you are "linking" to this one, but I only have so much time! I am just going to respond here to the related topics.

First, there is news that backs up what I'm saying, yet in a round about way.

In this article, "First helical structure in the nano-world", on Phys.Org 9/29/05 I gleaned a few quotes.

"Although a commonplace structure in nature, the helix remains a mystery to scientific researchers. In biology, the structure is important as DNA is helical and so does the substructure of many proteins."

".. nanohelices, which get their shape from twisting forces created by a small mismatch between the stripes, are produced using a vapor-solid growth process at high temperature. "

A small mismatch describes the "first" cycle of an EM wave, where the 2 phases are not aligned at 90 degrees... Giving it permanent torque.

"With these nanohelices, we only introduce the carrier gas when the temperature reaches a certain level. That allows formation to begin in a vacuum, which is the key to controlling the helix formation."

A helix needs a vacuum to form. (perfectly balanced environment)

".. creates structures with polar surfaces", " The nanohelices exist in both right- and left-handed versions, with production split approximately 50-50 between the two directions." and, "Such a material of nano-helices is found in a perfect structure and noted for its rigidity".

Polarity, spin, chiral, perfection. Good stuff.


Here is a link to an interesting site on the Physics of Sound. The spherical wave equations, and the analogous Maxwell equation are particularly good. Also, note the conditions at which the sphere can be treated like a plane wave.

http://www.silcom.com/~aludwig/Physics/Exa...ave_spectra.htm]spherical wave equations[/URL]

Far field changes the formula:

In the far-field



Whereas in the other limit



At this point, we have shown that we can produce a plane wave within a spherical region centered at the origin, of radius as large as we want. In the far-field this plane wave segment will radiate essentially only in the direction perpendicular to its phase front, which corresponds to the angle q in the equation above. The same sound pressure is produced for any direction in space. As N becomes larger, we approach a plane wave as in the spectrum of equation (W4). Therefore at a given angle q the sound pressure is directly proportional to the value of the spectrum amplitude function at the corresponding value of b . However there is an additional angular weighting function. To determine this, we consider the potential function for a sound source that radiates a spherical wave with equal pressure in all directions. In spherical coordinates"


Since this pattern has directivity of unity by definition, in general the directivity pattern of the sound radiation must be



So equation (W21) provides the general relationship between the spectrum amplitude function and the far-field pattern.



"As footnote to this derivation, if we tried to start with a plane wave occupying all space, we would quickly get into hot water mathematically. For openers, you can't get to the far-field of an aperture of infinite radius. If one correctly evaluates the exact integral expression, equation (G14), for this case you simply recover the field of the plane wave - no delta function. Carving out a section of finite radius with a cookie-cutter would result in a discontinuous field that doesn't satisfy the wave equations. So using the spherical wave solution is much sounder (pun intended) mathematically. "

From the same site, different page:



"This is the wave produced by an elementary point source. Power flow in this case is inversely proportional to r 2. Except for this, when r is much greater than the wavelength l=2p /k, the behavior is very similar to a plane wave. This is called "far-field behavior". When r is comparable to, or smaller than, l the behavior is more complex, even for this simple source. For a real source of finite dimension, the behavior in the "near field" is even more complex.


The ratio of the magnitudes of pressure and velocity for this elementary wave is the blue curve shown here [36 kb] as a function of r. It is seen that when r is greater than a wavelength the ratio is already close to the ratio for a plane wave in free space. For small values of r the ratio is very small. The relative phase (not shown) is close to 90 degrees for r=.01 wavelengths, and about 10 degrees at r=1 wavelength. At r=10 wavelengths the phase is about 1 degree, so at this point the behavior is very close to a plane wave."



I'm not sure the equations copied over.


enjoy!


T.Roc

**edit** sorry about the lack of equations, they didn't go.

Hi TRoc,

Sorry that the equations did not "go in" there. Please... I gotta know. Links will do fine.

This link to a parallel topic has some "exact solutions" to the short dipole radiator... Please note this picture is a three dimensional "thin slice" through the dipole way down in the center there. This shows the way photons actually "spread" in detail (each photon is approximately the size of a wavelength in "thickness" but is a pancake of tremendous size seen from our frame of reference. These show some interesting effects that are of interest to this discussion. I call your attention to "energy inductive suck-back" (see dotted line). Notice the explanation of the static, near and far field discussion I have there. It is all very "artificial" and is really a function of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relationship. The maths associated with all these phenomena are generally too "slack" to give true insight except in a few references like this.

String Theory

I will look into what you say here. I might have some questions.

Here is the main image but there really is more where this is discussed.

This may take a little while to load since it is 400K.

Your link above has some problem... just paste the URL into the post. The PHP code works it all out. Notice you can go back and "edit" your work.

Cheers

GE,



I fixed the link.


All of the text on my post, following the link, was from that page.




T.Roc